The United States has charged former Cuban leader Raúl Castro and five others over the 1996 downing of two civilian aircraft operated by the Cuban-American group Brothers to the Rescue, an incident that killed four people.

The US Department of Justice announced the indictment on Wednesday, accusing Castro—then Cuba’s defence chief—of conspiracy to kill US nationals, destruction of aircraft, and four counts of murder. The victims were Armando Alejandre Jr., Carlos Costa, Mario de la Peña, and Pablo Morales.

US prosecutors allege the unarmed planes were shot down by Cuban military jets over international waters on February 24, 1996. Acting Attorney General Todd Blanche said the US “will not forget its citizens,” adding that the charges could carry life imprisonment or the death penalty if pursued successfully.

Cuban President Miguel Díaz-Canel dismissed the indictment as a political move, insisting Cuba acted in self-defence within its waters and accusing Washington of distorting the facts.

US officials said the case forms part of ongoing pressure on Cuba’s leadership amid long-standing political tensions. Although Castro is unlikely to be extradited, authorities said the indictment aims to hold those responsible accountable.